The widespread use of Artabotrys aurantiacus in traditional medicine for the quest for well-being aroused attention for its potential risk to human and animal health. This study points out the acute and sub-chronic toxicological profile of Artabotrys aurantiacus leaves aqueous extract. The extract was prepared following the traditional healer’s method and orally administered to Wistar rats at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg or 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day for 45 days for acute and sub-chronic tests, respectively. In acute toxicity, no behavioral disorder was observed in treated animals as compared to the control. The lethal dose of 50 was estimated to be higher than 5000 mg/kg and the extract was noted as slightly toxic. Similarly, no significant change in body weight nor biochemical parameters were observed after 45 days of repeated dosing of the extract. Histological study revealed that all tested doses induced no damage to the liver and kidney as compared to control. These findings indicate that the use of Artabotrys aurantiacus leaves aqueous extract at tested doses is not associated with any toxic effect.
We describe how innate and adaptive immune cascades trigger the release of cytokines and chemokines, resulting in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. We discuss how cytokines have direct and indirect effects on myocardial function.
Atherosclerosis is the predominant underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease...atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by abundance of immune cells and their effector molecules, eventually leading to unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or strok
The cellular and extracellular matrix accumulations that comprise the lesions of atherosclerosis are driven by local release of cytokines at sites of predilection for lesion formation, and by the specific attraction and activation of cells expressing rece
A relationship exists between cytokines and both leptin (L4146) and insulin ( I1507). Proinflammatory cytokines increase leptin levels while leptin regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production.
Millions of Americans are deficient in the vital digestive enzyme called D6D (delta-6 desaturase) required to convert flax oil into EPA and GLA, the two nutrients that fight inflammation. Unlike flax seed oil, borage and fish oils do not require that prob
Inflammation: (Latin, inflammatio, to set on fire) is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
Central neuropeptides, including corticotropin releasing factor and perhaps substance P as well, initiate a systemic stress mobilization response by activating the sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic pituitary axis, and the renin angiotensin system,