soz:mag #09 (Mai 2006)
Networking im Internet-Zeitalter
Neue Praktiken des online-gestützten Netzwerkens und ihre gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen
Im Internet sind derzeit Anwendungen im Trend, welche es den Nutzern ermöglichen, ihr soziales Netzwerk abzubilden und zu erweitern – sogenannte „Social Software“. Dabei eröffnen sich hinsichtlich Aufbau und Pflege des persönlichen Beziehungsnetzes neue Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Anhand von explorativen Interviews mit Nutzern der Business-orientierten Plattform openBC wurden die im Entstehen begriffenen Praktiken des online-gestützten Netzwerkens untersucht. Das Ergebnis: Online-Networking wird in den allermeisten Fällen nicht ganzheitlich betrieben, bietet dem Einzelnen aber in Ergänzung zu traditionellen Formen der Kontaktpflege erhebliche Vorteile. Und: Auch auf der untersuchten Business-Plattform sind die Beziehungsgeflechte eher privater als geschäftlicher Natur.
Paper in which we describe how an artificial chemistry on a planar graph easily generates islands of activity with barriers with much lower activity between them
The need for flexible forms of serialisation arises under many circumstances, e.g. for doing high-level inter-process communication or to achieve persistence. Many languages, including variants of ML, thus offer pickling as a system service, but usually in a both unsafe and inexpressive manner, so that its use is discouraged. In contrast, safe generic pickling plays a central role in the design and implementation of Alice ML: components are defined as pickles, and modules can be exchanged between processes using pickling. For that purpose, pickling has to be higher-order and typed (HOT), i.e. embrace code mobility and involve runtime type checks for safety. We show how HOT pickling can be realised with a modular architecture consisting of multiple abstraction layers for separating concerns, and how both language and implementation benefit from a design consistently based on pickling.
Polemik-Crescendo: After quotation of an article by arabnews.com about storing digital data on paper by techworld.com, arstechnica.com and infosthetics.com the blogosphere is heating up with discussion whether this concept by !Sainul Abideen is authentic
E. Visser. Meta-programming with concrete object syntax. In D. Batory, C. Consel, and W. Taha, editors, Generative Programming and Component Engineering (GPCE'02), volume 2487 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 299-315, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, October 2002. Springer-Verlag. Meta programs manipulate structured representations (abstract syntax) of programs. The distance between the concrete syntax meta-programmers use to reason about programs and the notation for abstract syntax manipulation provided by general purpose (meta-) programming languages is too great for many applications. In this paper it is shown how the syntax definition formalism SDF can be employed to fit a meta-programming language with concrete syntax notation for composing and analyzing object programs. As a case study, the addition of concrete syntax to the program transformation language Stratego is presented. The approach is then generalized to arbitrary meta-languages.
The success and popularity of social network systems, such
as del.icio.us, Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube, have generated
many interesting and challenging problems to the research
community. Among others, discovering social interests
shared by groups of users is very important because it
helps to connect people with common interests and encourages
people to contribute and share more contents. The
main challenge to solving this problem comes from the difficulty
of detecting and representing the interest of the users.
The existing approaches are all based on the online connections
of users and so unable to identify the common interest
of users who have no online connections.
In this paper, we propose a novel social interest discovery
approach based on user-generated tags. Our approach
is motivated by the key observation that in a social network,
human users tend to use descriptive tags to annotate
the contents that they are interested in. Our analysis on
a large amount of real-world traces reveals that in general,
user-generated tags are consistent with the web content they
are attached to, while more concise and closer to the understanding
and judgments of human users about the content.
Thus, patterns of frequent co-occurrences of user tags can
be used to characterize and capture topics of user interests.
We have developed an Internet Social Interest Discovery system,
ISID, to discover the common user interests and cluster
users and their saved URLs by different interest topics. Our
evaluation shows that ISID can effectively cluster similar
documents by interest topics and discover user communities
with common interests no matter if they have any online
connections.
Control of capillary flow through porous media has broad practical implications. However, achieving accurate and reliable control of such processes by tuning the pore size or by modification of interface wettability remains challenging. Here we propose that the liquid flow by capillary penetration can be accurately adjusted by tuning the geometry of porous media. Methodologies: On the basis of Darcy’s law, a general framework is proposed to facilitate the control of capillary flow in porous systems by tailoring the geometric shape of porous structures. A numerical simulation approach based on finite element method is also employed to validate the theoretical prediction. Findings: A basic capillary component with a tunable velocity gradient is designed according to the proposed framework. By using the basic component, two functional capillary elements, namely, (i) flow accelerator and (ii) flow resistor, are demonstrated. Then, multi-functional fluidic devices with controllable capillary flow are realized by assembling the designed capillary elements. All the theoretical designs are validated by numerical simulations. Finally, it is shown that the proposed concept can be extended to three-dimensional design of porous media
Identifying differentially expressed genes (DEG) is a fundamental step in studies that perform genome wide expression profiling. Typically, DEG are identified by univariate approaches such as Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) or Linear Models for Microarray Data (LIMMA) for processing cDNA microarrays, and differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution (DESeq) or Empirical analysis of Digital Gene Expression data in R (edgeR) for RNA-seq profiling. Here we present a new geometrical multivariate approach to identify DEG called the Characteristic Direction. We demonstrate that the Characteristic Direction method is significantly more sensitive than existing methods for identifying DEG in the context of transcription factor (TF) and drug perturbation responses over a large number of microarray experiments. We also benchmarked the Characteristic Direction method using synthetic data, as well as RNA-Seq data. A large collection of microarray expression data from TF perturbations (73 experiments) and drug perturbations (130 experiments) extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), as well as an RNA-Seq study that profiled genome-wide gene expression and STAT3 DNA binding in two subtypes of diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma, were used for benchmarking the method using real data. ChIP-Seq data identifying DNA binding sites of the perturbed TFs, as well as known drug targets of the perturbing drugs, were used as prior knowledge silver-standard for validation. In all cases the Characteristic Direction DEG calling method outperformed other methods. We find that when drugs are applied to cells in various contexts, the proteins that interact with the drug-targets are differentially expressed and more of the corresponding genes are discovered by the Characteristic Direction method. In addition, we show that the Characteristic Direction conceptualization can be used to perform improved gene set enrichment analyses when compared with the gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the hypergeometric test. The application of the Characteristic Direction method may shed new light on relevant biological mechanisms that would have remained undiscovered by the current state-of-the-art DEG methods. The method is freely accessible via various open source code implementations using four popular programming languages: R, Python, MATLAB and Mathematica, all available at: http://www.maayanlab.net/CD .
This document formally specifies the semantics of local modules and packages - dynamically typed modules that are first-class values - as an extension to the functional programming language Standard ML. The language thus defined is a substantial subset of a larger extension of Standard ML, a language known as Alice ML. Packages are the central feature of Alice ML that enables support for typed open programming.
M. Phillips, J. Nguyen, and A. Mischke. Advances in Speech Recognition: Mobile Environments, Call Centers and Clinics, chapter 3, Springer, New York, (2010)
R. Neßelrath, and J. Alexandersson. Proceedings of the 6th IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems, Pasadena, CA, USA, page 46-51. (2009)
P. Wu, Y. Lee, H. Tseng, H. Ho, M. Yang, and S. Chien. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR-Adjunct), page 186-191. IEEE Computer Society, (2017)
T. Omori, and K. Maruyama. MSR '08: Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Mining software repositories, page 31--34. New York, NY, USA, ACM, (May 2008)