O. Skovsmose. Roskilde: Centre for Research in Learning Mathematics, National University of Education, Roskilde University Centre, Aalborg University, (2000)
A. Fauzan, D. Slettenhaar, and T. Plomp. Proceedings of the 3 rdInternational Mathematics Education and Society Conference. Copenhagen, Denmark: Center for Research in Learning Mathematics, (2002)
M. Hannula, J. Evans, G. Philippou, and R. Zan. Proceedings of the 28th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, (2004)
L. Wittgenstein. University Of Chicago Press, Chicago, (October 1989)characterizes mathematical propositions: - Do not have a temporal sense (pp. 34). - Are rules of expression. "the connection between a mathematical proposition and its application is roughly that between a rule of expression and the expression itself in use" (pp. 47). A rule of expression defines what is meaningful and what not, how a particular form should be used, etc. - Is invented to suit experience and then made independent of experience (pp. 43). "In mathematics we have propositions which contain the same symbols as, for example, "write down the integral of..", etc., with the difference that when we have a mathemaitical proposition time doesn't enter into it and in the other it does. Now this is not a metaphisical statement." (pp 34).